The issue that there is a mother for all the 6000 known human
languages is no doubt and no one will question this anymore. But, which
language is the mother; is the billion dollar question?
There
is overwhelming evidence that languages change over time and they do not become
more organized and complex but less so over time in their structure, even while
the vocabulary grows. In other words they devolve and do not evolve even though
terminology is less than precise in literature. If this premise be correct then
the most organized and complex language is the mother of all and that was the
argument of the Messiah, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Qadiani for Arabic. Also remember
that it is a scientific principle that present is the mirror of the past. So,
by learning about present we can extrapolate to the past. If languages are
devolving and not truly evolving then birth of language cannot be completely
explained by Darwinian evolution, based on small incremental improvements, and
one has to invoke revelation. This also makes language a proof of Guided
Evolution against Blind Evolution. Read your Darwin!
This popular Google-knoll was
first written in 2010. It is a collection of books, articles and a documentary.
MINANUR REHMAN
MINANUR REHMAN
Messiah
of the age and the founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam, Hadhrat Mirza
Ghulam Ahmad, in the year 1895, wrote a book named Minanur Rehman, wherein he
claimed that Arabic is the first language given by God to man and that all
other languages are derived from it. He based this claim on the teachings of
the Holy Quran and elucidated this proposition in the light of several verses
of the Holy Quran. He is also called Promised Messiah and he has even foretold
that in course of time Arabic will be found to be the mother of all the world
languages. He wrote, in his book Minanur Rehman:
“All praise is due to Allah, the Sustainer, and
the Beneficent. To Him belong all Excellence, Grace and Goodness. He created
man and taught him a plain language. And out of one language He created various
languages in different countries just as He created various colors (of
mankind); out of one color. And He made Arabic the mother of all languages. He
made it the like of the sun in brightness and luster.”
The
claims made were bold and specific. At a time when these claims were made; the
only established facts in the field of linguistics were that the Indo-European
languages are related and possibly coming from a prototype language. The
reality of other languages could have turned out to be remarkably different
from what was suggested by Promised Messiah. The aborigines of Australia had
migrated there 40,000 years ago; the Native Americans were separated from the
main body of humanity for 12000-25000 years. The continent of Africa was
divided into small hostile tribes; if the language had blindly evolved; it would have been very possible that different languages had evolved in different
tribes and groups of languages could have different mother language. But this
was not to be! To read the English translations of the book log on to Alislam.
THE BEGINNING OF LANGUAGE: THE
INCREMENTAL REVELATION THEORY
BY SYED SAJID AHMAD AND ZIA H SHAH MD
There
are several existing theories about the beginning of language. These hardly
explain any of the existing data and are merely speculative. Here the authors have
proposed that the language developed by a process of incremental revelation of
needed root words. An analogy is created between SETI and the complexity and
organization of the root system of Semitic languages, making a case for
pre-cognition in the development of languages. For the rest of the story log on
to Alislam.
THE JOURNEY OF MAN: A GENETIC
ODESSY
BY SPENCER WELLS
The
Holy Quran links the study of languages with the study of races. It says, “And among His Signs are the
creation of the heavens and the earth, and the diversity of your tongues and
colors. In that surely are Signs for those who possess knowledge.” (Al Quran
30:23) Geneticist Spencer Wells spends his life traveling the globe taking
blood samples from men and women in order to unravel the secrets of the human
story: Where did humans come from? How did they spread over the globe? How did
different races evolve? In this documentary, Wells answers those questions,
demonstrating the shared human heritage, the universal brotherhood, for the
first time using the latest discoveries of human genetics. The migration also
sheds light on history of different languages, as to how they may have
metamorphosed from a mother tongue. The documentary is available on YouTube:
A REVEALED MOTHER TONGUE:
EVIDENCE FOR GUIDED EVOLUTION
BY ZIA H SHAH
Drawing
inspiration from the revealed knowledge of the Holy Quran and other
revelations, the Messiah, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Qadiani, may peace be on him,
wrote in his book Minanur Rehman, in 1895:
“Allah created man and taught him a plain language. And out
of one language He created various languages in different countries just as He
created various colors (of mankind); out of one color. And He made Arabic the
mother of all languages. He made it the like of the sun in brightness and
luster.”
The
present day linguists in keeping with the dictates of Darwinism believe that
all languages have come to being by a process of blind evolution over time. Yet
we see no evidence for evolution in the 5000 extant languages. Examples of
devolution of languages into less organized languages abound but evolution is
nowhere to be seen.
This
tree suggests how all the Indo-European languages are derived from one
proto-type language.
Languages
are not evolving from simple to complex. According to the famous linguist Merritt Ruhlen, “All extant human languages are today considered of equal ‘complexity’
by virtually all linguists.” Guy
Deutscher writes, “Small tribes with stone-age technology speak languages with
structures that sometimes make Latin and Greek seem like child’s play.”
I
have collated the evidence of one mother tongue of all languages and how the
present is the key to the past, in study of languages. Logon to Alislam. For more info.
MIRACLE AND PROPHECY OF THE HOLY QURAN
When
the Holy Quran opines on a subject and we understand it correctly, we find it
to be very profound and accurate. For example review this verse of the Holy
Quran about languages and ethnic grouping and how the scripture links them by
mentioning them together:
“And among His Signs is the creation of the heavens and the
earth, and the diversity of your tongues and colors. In that surely are Signs
for those who possess knowledge.” (Al Quran 30:23)
The link between the languages and
ethnicity may seem somewhat obvious today to the readers; but it was not always
the case and what are some of the Signs that this verse alludes to. To make my
point let me now quote from Luigi Luca
Cavalli-Sforza and Francesco Cavalli-Sforza write in their book The Great Human
Diasporas – The History Of Diversity And Evolution , under a heading, Darwin’s
Prophecy: “At a certain point I realized with a mixture of emotion, pleasure,
and some embarrassment that our observations on the strong similarity between
the genetic tree and the linguistic one had been presaged by Charles Darwin.
Here is a quotation from The Origin of Species (1859): ‘If we possessed a
perfect pedigree of mankind, a genealogical arrangement of the races of man
would afford the best classification of the various languages now spoken
throughout the world, and if all extinct languages and all intermediate and
slowly changing dialects, were to be included, such an arrangement would be the
only possible one.’ I was reminded of this prophecy by Franco Scudo, an
historian of evolution; I was embarrassed because it had completely slipped my
mind.”
If
this can be considered to be Darwin’s Prophecy, then certainly the Holy Quran
revealed 1300 years before Darwin has a better claim to this. Luigi Luca
Cavalli-Sforza and Francesco Cavalli-Sforza next go on to explain the reasons
for the close link between the study of the languages and tribes and ethnicity:
“Why should there be a similarity
between linguistic evolution and genetic evolution? The explanation is simple.
During modern humanity’s expansion, breakaway groups settled in new locations
and occupied new continents; from these, other groups broke away and traveled
to more distant regions. These schisms and shifts took humanity to very remote
areas where contact with the original areas and peoples became difficult or
impossible. The isolation of numerous groups had two inevitable consequences:
the formation of genetic differences and the formation of linguistic differences.
Both take their own path and have their own rules, but the sequence of
divisions that caused diversification is common to both. Their history, whether
reconstructed using language or genes, is that of their migrations and fissions
and is therefore inevitably the same.” Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza and Francesco
Cavalli-Sforza in their book also give a beautiful picture of proposed tree
demonstrating how the languages along with the respective ethnicities, may have
diversified from their common origin:
The authors describe the picture
as, “The relationship between the genetic tree of the world’s major populations
and linguistic families.” It was very profound and prophetic that the Holy
Quran linked the study of languages and ethnicity 14 centuries before it became
obvious to the modern linguist and also mentioned in this verse that there are
several Signs of Allah in the study of these subjects and their interrelation. ARABIC
THE MOTHER OF ALL LANGUAGES
By
Zia H Shah MD
It
was originally published in Muslim Sunrise in 2009. For some of the pictures and references go to the
Muslim Sunrise.
This
article is is being partially reproduced here:
“It is not that I doubt that language evolved only once,”
Steven Pinker a famous linguistic confesses, “one of the assumptions behind the
search for the ultimate mother tongue.” [1] A gradual consensus seems to
building among the linguists that all languages have come from one source. If
the 5000 extant languages of the world were coming from divergent sources they
would show varied degree of organization and complexity. But that does not seem
to be the case. According to the famous linguist Merritt Ruhlen, “All extant human
languages are today considered of equal ‘complexity’ by virtually all
linguists.” [2] Guy Deutscher writes, “Small tribes with stone-age technology
speak languages with structures that sometimes make Latin and Greek seem like
child’s play.” [3]
Edward Sapir, has been described by Encyclopedia Britannica
as, “One of the foremost American linguists and anthropologists of his time,
most widely known for his contributions to the study of North American Indian
languages.” [4] According to him:
“There is no more striking general fact about language than
its universality. One may argue as to whether a particular tribe engages in
activities that are worthy of the name of religion or of art, but we know of no
people that is not possessed of a fully developed language. The lowliest South
African Bushman speaks in the forms of a rich symbolic system that is in
essence perfectly comparable to the speech of the cultivated Frenchman. …
Many
primitive languages have a formal richness, a latent luxuriance of expression that
eclipses anything known to the languages of modern civilization. Even in the mere matter of the inventory of speech the
layman must be prepared for strange surprises. Popular statements as to the
extreme poverty of expression to which primitive languages are doomed are
simply myths.”[5]
Mario
Pei was an Italian-born American linguist whose many works helped to provide
the general public with a popular understanding of linguistics and philology.
Pei immigrated to the United States with his parents when he was seven years
old. By the time he was out of high school he knew not only English and his
native Italian but also Latin, Greek, and French. Over the years he became
fluent in five languages, capable of speaking some 30 others, and acquainted
with the structure of at least 100 spoken languages. He wrote:
“Is
there a possibility that our present classification of languages will be
improved? More light is being shed upon language affiliations as more material
is discovered. It is even possible that one day dream of some linguists will
come true, and all languages be proved to have a common origin. Linguists,
however, are hard headed scientists, not impractical theorists. Before, they
will accept a hypothesis, however attractive, the proof must be cogent beyond a
shadow of doubt.” [6]
SIR WILLIAM JONES (1746-1794)
Sir
William Jones was an English linguist/philologist and student of ancient India,
particularly known for his proposition of the existence of a relationship among
Indo-European languages. He was also the founder of the Asiatic Society. He can
be aptly described as the father of modern linguistics. According to
Encyclopedia Britannica, “In his 1786 presidential discourse to the Asiatic
Society, he postulated the common ancestry of Sanskrit, Latin, and Greek, his
findings providing the impetus for the development of comparative linguistics
in the early 19th century.” [7]
Of
all his discoveries, Jones is best known today for making and propagating the
observation that Sanskrit bore a certain resemblance to classical Greek and
Latin. He suggested that all three languages had a common root, and that indeed
they may all be further related, in turn, to Gothic and the Celtic languages,
as well as to Persian. This common source came to be known as Proto-Indo-European.
All
Indo-European languages are believed to be derived from Proto Indo-European
language
Merritt
Ruhlen writes in his book
the
origin of language: tracing the evolution of the mother tongue:
“We
would not be giving Jones his due credit, however, if we were merely to mention
that he noted similarities among Indo-European languages. His crowning
achievement was not just that he saw these similarities, but that he
explained
them. And the evolutionary
explanation he gave-descent with modification from a common ancestor-was the
one Darwin would give 72 years later for biology (with the addition of natural
selection, which does not apply in language).”
Here
is a short list of words common to most Indo-European languages, demonstrating
the amazing overlap in the basic vocabulary of these languages:
Language
|
father
|
mother
|
brother
|
Two
|
three
|
four
|
Horse
|
Old
English
|
fæder
|
modor
|
broðor
|
Twa
|
thrie
|
feowre
|
Eoh
|
Latin
|
pater
|
mater
|
frater
|
duos
|
tres
|
quattuor
|
Equus
|
Old
Irish
|
athair
|
mathair
|
brathir
|
Do
|
tri
|
ceathair
|
Ech
|
Greek
|
pater
|
meter
|
phrater
1
|
duos
|
tri
|
tetra
|
Hippos
|
Sanskrit
|
pitar
|
matar
|
bhratar
|
Dva
|
trayas
|
chatvari
|
Asva
|
Avestan
|
pitar
|
matar
|
bratar
|
Dwa
|
trayo
|
chatvaro
|
Aspa
|
Russian
|
otech
|
matka
|
brat
|
Dva
|
tri
|
chetyre
|
Loshaa
|
Armenian
|
hayr
|
Erku
|
erek’
|
cork’
|
|||
Tocharian
B
|
pacer
|
macer
|
procer
|
Wi
|
trai
|
s’twer
|
Yakwe
|
Proto-Indo-European
|
*pəter
|
*mater
|
*bhrater
|
*duwos
|
*treyes
|
*kwetores
|
*ek’wos
|
Guy
Deutscher in his book
the
Unfolding of Language: An Evolutionary Tour of Mankind’s Greatest Invention, published in 2005, also draws a similar family tree of the
Indo-European languages on page 57 to show how all the Indo European languages
are related and are derived from a Proto-Indo-European language.
In
the year 1895, promised Messiah as wrote a book Minanur Rehman and
gave a dramatic turn to the work of Sir William Jones in light of the verses of
the Holy Quran.
PROMISED MESSIAH (1836-1908)
And among His Signs is the
creation of the heavens and the earth, and the diversity of your tongues and
colors. In that surely are Signs for those who possess knowledge. (Al Quran
30:23)This verse of the Holy Quran was
revealed in a century when knowledge was scant and even mention of comparative
linguistics was beyond the contemporary human paradigms. To a fair minded
person the mere presence of the verse in a book from the seventh century should
be thought provoking. This circumstance alone is sufficient to give the Quran
an urgent claim on our attention. This verse, as regards the languages
apparently lay dormant for more than a millennium, until the time of
renaissance of Islam, in recent times.Messiah of this age and the founder of
the Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam, in the year 1895, wrote a book named Minanur
Rehman, wherein he claimed that Arabic is the first language given by God to
man and that all other languages are derived from it. He based this claim on
the teachings of the Holy Quran and elucidated this proposition in the light of
several verses of the Holy Quran. He even foretold that in course of time
Arabic will be found to be the mother of all the world languages. [8] He wrote,
in his book Minanur Rehman:”All praise is due to Allah, the Sustainer, the
Beneficent. To Him belong all Excellence, Grace and Goodness. He created man
and taught him a plain language. And out of one language He created various
languages in different countries just as He created various colors (of
mankind); out of one color. And He made Arabic the mother of all languages. He
made it the like of the sun in brightness and luster.” [9]The claims made were
bold and specific. At a time when these claims were made the only established
facts in the field of linguistics were that the Indo-European languages are
related and possibly coming from a prototype language. The reality of other
languages could have turned out to be remarkably different from what was
suggested by Promised Messiah. The aborigines of Australia had migrated there
40,000 years ago; the Native Americans were separated from the main body of
humanity for 12000-25000 years. The continent of Africa was divided into small
hostile tribes; if the language had blindly evolved it would have been very
possible that totally different languages had evolved in different tribes and
groups of languages could have different mother language.Granted the languages
borrow words from each other but that applies to words of secondary importance.
The primary words are those without which no language can be functional. So
they cannot be borrowed from other languages. Simple pronouns like ‘me’ and
‘you;’ and the words that are often the first words uttered by the babies,
calling their parents can not be considered to be borrowed from other
languages. If different languages had descended from different sources, there
was no rhyme or reason for languages to have even a single common ‘primary
word.’ Since his writing of Minanur Rehman there is growing evidence that all
languages have been derived from one mother tongue.
THE INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES
BASIC
VOCABULARY OF 25 EUROPEAN LANGUAGES
|
|||||||||
Language
|
One
|
Two
|
Three
|
Head
|
Eye
|
Ear
|
Nose
|
Mouth
|
Tooth
|
Breton
|
unan,
eun
|
Dau
|
tri
|
penn
|
Lagad
|
skuarn
|
fri
|
genu,
bek
|
Dant
|
Irish
|
aon
|
Dau
|
tri
|
ceann
|
Süil
|
au,
clüas
|
srön
|
bēal
|
fiacal
|
Welsh
|
unan,
eun
|
Do
|
tri
|
penn
|
Ligad
|
klust
|
truyn
|
geneu
|
Dant
|
Danish
|
en
|
To
|
tre
|
hoved
|
Öje
|
öre
|
naese
|
mund
|
Tand
|
Swedish
|
en
|
To
|
tre
|
huvud
|
Öga
|
öra
|
näsa
|
mund
|
Tand
|
Dutch
|
e:n
|
tve:
|
dri:
|
ho:ft
|
o:x
|
o:r
|
no:s
|
mont
|
Tant
|
English
|
wən
|
Tuw
|
θrij
|
hɛd
|
Aj
|
ijr
|
nowz
|
mawθ
|
Tuwθ
|
German
|
ajns
|
Tsvai
|
draj
|
kopf
|
augə
|
o:r
|
na:ze
|
munt
|
tsa:n
|
French
|
â€,
yn
|
Dø
|
trwa
|
tɛ:t
|
cej,
jф
|
orɛ:j
|
ne
|
bu:š
|
Da
|
Italian
|
uno,una
|
Due
|
tre
|
Tɛsta
|
Okkjo
|
orekkjo
|
naso
|
bɔkka
|
dente
|
Spanish
|
un,
una
|
Dos
|
tres
|
kabesa
|
Oxo
|
orexa
|
naso
|
boka
|
diente
|
Rumanian
|
un,
o
|
doj,
dowə
|
They
all have common origin.
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